What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The U.S. Congress is composed of two distinct parts: the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure is established in the U.S. Constitution and reflects the framers' intent to create a balanced legislative system.

The Senate consists of 100 members, with each state represented by two senators, ensuring equal representation from every state regardless of population size. On the other hand, the House of Representatives is made up of 435 members, with representation based on the population of each state. This structure allows for both equal state representation and proportional representation based on population, which is essential for a functioning democratic system.

Understanding the composition of Congress is fundamental as it plays a critical role in making federal laws, overseeing the executive branch, and representing the interests of the public. The other options, while referencing important governmental components, do not correctly identify the two parts of Congress, which is specifically focused on the legislative function within the federal government.