What are the two parts of the United States Congress?

The United States Congress is made up of two distinct chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure is designed to ensure a system of checks and balances within the legislative branch of the government.

The Senate consists of two senators from each state, regardless of the state’s population, which helps to protect the interests of smaller states. On the other hand, the House of Representatives is made up of representatives based on state populations, which allows for a more direct representation of the public's will. Together, these two bodies work to create, amend, and vote on legislation, reflecting the diverse interests and needs of the American populace.

In contrast, the other options listed refer to legislative bodies that do not exist in the context of the U.S. government. For example, the National Assembly is a term often associated with France, while the terms Parliament and House of Commons are related to the United Kingdom's legislative framework. The House of Lords functions similarly in the UK legislative system but does not have a counterpart in the U.S. structure. Thus, recognizing the correct composition of Congress as the Senate and the House of Representatives is essential for understanding how U.S. law is made and how the government functions.