What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The correct answer identifies the two main components of the United States Congress, which are the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure was established by the U.S. Constitution, specifically in Article I, and is designed to ensure a system of checks and balances within the legislative branch.

The Senate consists of two senators from each state, regardless of the state's population, serving staggered six-year terms. This provides equal representation for each state in this chamber, which is particularly significant for smaller states. On the other hand, the House of Representatives is made up of representatives based on the population of each state, with members serving two-year terms. This structure allows for representation that reflects the demographic distribution of the country.

The other choices do not represent the legislative branch of the U.S. government. The Judiciary, represented in the second choice, refers to the court system, which interprets laws but does not create them. Similarly, the third and fourth choices incorrectly pair the legislative roles with the President and the Supreme Court, respectively, neither of which are parts of Congress itself. The President is part of the executive branch, and the Supreme Court is the highest court in the judicial branch.