Which amendment grants the right to freedom of speech?

The First Amendment is the correct answer because it explicitly protects several fundamental rights, one of which is the freedom of speech. This amendment is part of the Bill of Rights, ratified in 1791, and is foundational to the rights of individuals in the United States. It states that "Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech," which means that individuals have the right to express their thoughts, opinions, and beliefs without government interference. This protection is essential for a functioning democracy, allowing for open dialogue, dissent, and the exchange of ideas.

The other amendments listed do not pertain to freedom of speech— the Second Amendment addresses the right to bear arms, the Third Amendment relates to the housing of soldiers, and the Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. Thus, the First Amendment stands out as the specific provision that guarantees the right to freely express oneself.