Which American document guarantees freedom of religion?

The Bill of Rights is the correct answer because it contains the First Amendment, which explicitly guarantees the freedom of religion among other fundamental rights. The First Amendment states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. This establishes a clear division between church and state, ensuring that individuals have the right to practice their religion freely without government interference.

While the Constitution as a whole provides the framework for the U.S. government and its principles, the specific protections for religious freedom are highlighted in the Bill of Rights. The Declaration of Independence, though a pivotal document in American history, focuses more on the principles of individual rights and the justification for independence rather than laying out specific rights like the freedom of religion. The Articles of Confederation primarily served as the first governing document of the United States and did not address individual liberties in the same way. Thus, the Bill of Rights stands out as the vital source for the protection of religious freedom in America.