Who has the power to declare war according to the Constitution?

The power to declare war is vested in Congress, specifically within the Senate, as outlined in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. This provision establishes Congress's authority over war powers, distinguishing it from executive powers held by the President. While the President may act as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and direct military operations, the official declaration of war must originate from Congress. This division of power is intended to prevent unilateral military engagement by the executive branch, ensuring a balance of authority between Congress and the President.

The other answer choices do not accurately represent the Constitution's allocation of war powers. The President does play a significant role in military decisions but lacks the constitutional authority to declare war independently. Both the Senate and the House of Representatives participate in the legislative process, but it is the Senate that historically has more direct involvement in foreign affairs and war declarations. The Supreme Court, while it may interpret laws and settle disputes, does not possess the power to declare war.